Gantt Chart Using Excel

Project-Management with Gantt-Charts OpenOffice. org 2. 0 Calc [Projekt-Management und Gantt-Diagramm mit OpenOffice. org 2. 0 Calc and Comment creer un diagramme de Gantt avec OpenOffice. org] [1. 1] First editions: [2005-06-06 and 2003-01-03] First English edition: [2005-11-09] Contents Contents Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Copyright and trademark information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Feedback†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Acknowledgments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Modifications and updates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Starting the Process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Using the chart as a graphic in other applications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 About the macro†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Example: Planning a relocation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Controlling the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 Public Documentation License, Version 1. 0†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 Project-Management with Gantt-Charts iii Copyright and trademark information Copyright and trademark informationThe contents of this Documentation are subject to the Public Documentation License, Version 1. 0 (the â€Å"License†); you may only use this Documentation if you comply with the terms of this License. A copy of the License is available at: http://www. openoffice. org/licenses/PDL. rtf The Original Documentation is â€Å"Comment creer un diagramme de Gantt avec OpenOffice. org†. The Initial Writer of the Original Documentation is Serge LE LOUARNE Copyright  ©2003. All Rights Reserved. (Initial Writer contact(s): serge. [email  protected] fr. Contributor(s): DIETMAR HILLER Portions created by DIETMAR HILLER are Copy right  © 2005.All Rights Reserved. (Contributor contact(s): [email  protected] de. Contributor(s): G. Roderick Singleton. Portions created by G. Roderick Singleton are Copyright  ©2005. All Rights Reserved. (Contributor contact(s):[email  protected] org . Portions created by ______ are Copyright  ©_________[insert year(s)]. All Rights Reserved. (Contributor contact(s):________________[insert hyperlink/alias]). All trademarks within this guide belong to legitimate owners. [Note: a copy of the PDL is included in this template and is also available at: http://www. openoffice. org/licenses/PDL. rtf. ] FeedbackPlease direct any comments or suggestions about this document to: [email  protected] org Acknowledgments I wish to thank every member of the German and French Native Language Communities who are not mentioned but contributed to my being able to provide a translation. To S. Schneider for fixing my errors and grammar. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts ii Copyright and trademark information Modifications and updates Version [1. 0] [1. 1] Date [2005-11-09] [2005-11-12] Description of Change [grs: Initial edition issued for comment] [ss: Proofed edition issued for publication] Project-Management with Gantt-Charts ii Overview Overview Gantt Charts are a way to graphically show progress of a project. Management of a project is made easier if it is viewed as small manageable items where the dependencies are visually illustrated, parallel processes are discovered, the overall processing time determined and progress tracked. The tasks of a project can be quite complex and dependent on each other. With a project management tool, such as a Gantt chart,all subtasks of a task can be viewed graphically. In this document a relocation-process to another city is used for all examples and is based upon the accompanying Calc template, . jm_template_english. ots which may be downloaded from http://documentation. openoffice. org/HOW_TO/ Relocation DD to M House-hunt ing Cancel apartment DD Cancel banking's order New leasing contract Organise relocation Send out new address Forwarding request Relocation Registration office Furnish the flat Reregister car Open an account Move bank account Relocation completed 01/04/05 01/05/05 31/05/05 01/07/05 31/07/05 31/08/05 30/09/05 Undone Done Start Illustration 1: The finished example In illustration 1, the subtasks of the relocation-process appear on the y-axis, and the time line on the x-axis.The bars show when a task should start and when it will be finished. Blue bars show tasks which have been completed. Yellow bars show work which still must be done. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 5 Starting the Process Starting the Process To chart a project, all the sub-tasks must first be collected in a spreadsheet. In this simple example there is the name of the task, the start-date and the duration in calendar days: Illustration 2: Task list This simplified project consists of eight subtasks â€Å"Task 1à ¢â‚¬  to â€Å"Task 8†. Next, begin creating the chart by selecting Insert—Chart: Illustration 3: Create the chartFrom the dialogue â€Å"AutoFormat Chart† define the selection range. Neither the first row (containing the column label) nor the first column (containing the task name) should be included as data. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 2 Starting the Process Click â€Å"Next ;;† , and choose the Chart type: Illustration 4: Choose chart type Choose the horizontal bar-chart and click â€Å"Columns† to indicate that the data are arranged in columnar form. Note: This changes the assignment of the axis in OpenOffice. org Calc. Now the horizontal axis is called â€Å"Y† and the vertical axis is called â€Å"X†. Click â€Å"Next ;;† and choose the variant â€Å"Stacked†:Illustration 5: Create chart with stacked bars Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 3 Starting the Process Click â€Å"Next ;;† once again an d enter chart and axis titles: Illustration 6: Adapt chart labeling The first Gantt Chart appears as follows: Illustration 7: Bar chart The task names are on the vertical axis (â€Å"Task 1† to â€Å"Task 8†) and the time line is on the horizontal axis. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 4 Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart In order to edit the properties of an element in the diagram,. double-click the chart to select it.Next, right-click to open the context menu and gain access to the chart properties: Illustration 8: Edit diagram properties Note: Ensure that no element in the diagram is selected, because otherwise the axis-properties can not be edited Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 5 Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart Select the y-axis, which now is the horizontal time line. (One could also select the horizontal axis using a left-click then right-click to open the context menu and finally choose Object Properties †¦ to format this axis. ) Set the Minimum to the real start-date, In this example this is 01/01/05.Furthermore the axis should get the start date, so check the checkbox â€Å"Automatic† in the line â€Å"Axis at†: Illustration 9: Adjust the time line This produces a chart as follows: Illustration 10: Gantt chart Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 6 Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart The orange bar symbolizes the time up to the start of the task. This bar should be made invisible. For this select the orange bar with a left-click, and then open its Object Properties after a right click. Under the tab â€Å"Borders† choose Style – Invisible, and under the tab â€Å"Area† choose Fill – None.Now the chart presents itself as follows: Illustration 11: The completed Gantt chart Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 7 Converting the simple bar-chart into a Gantt chart Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 8 Using the chart as a graphic in other applications Using the chart as a graphic in other applications To use the Gantt-chart as a picture in another application, save the whole Calc document as HTML. This generates not only the HTML-file, but also a jpeg-file containing the chart which can then be included in other documents, such as anOpenOffice. org impress presentation.Remember to give the graphic a more descriptive name than, the the name suggested when the document is exported to HTML so that it can be found easily later Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 9 Using the chart as a graphic in other applications Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 10 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Extending Gantt charting for Project Management In order to manage a project, still more information is needed. The progress of any task should be tracked as a percentage of the task and displayed in the chart, and the dependencies of the subtasks should also be documente d.Furthermore the start-date should be determined automatically based on these dependencies. To be able to create such a plan easily, a template was made by the German Native Language Community ( http://de. openoffice. org/ ) called pjm_template. ots. Illustration 12: Calc template pjm_template. ots The current version of Gantt. zip contains the example spreadsheet and the spreadsheet itself can be downloaded from http://documentation. openoffice. org/HOW_TO/spreadsheet/pjm_template. ots Note: This template uses macros and upon opening displays a security warning. Therefore, macros must be enabled to use the file.The file, created from the template, contains the following columns: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ â€Å"Info† – Information about the progress of the task â€Å"No. † – unique number of the task. It is recommended to count in intervals of 100, to be able to add tasks later on â€Å"Activity† †“ description of the task â€Å"Start† – start-date of the task â€Å"Duration† – planned or actual duration of the task in calendar days â€Å"End† – end-date of the task. This gets calculated based on the start-date and duration. â€Å"Progress† in percentage â€Å"Done† – Duration * progress â€Å"Undone† – expected time remaining: Duration – Done 11 Project-Management with Gantt-ChartsExtending Gantt charting for Project Management †¢ â€Å"Predecessor† – List of tasks, which have to be completed, before this task can start. Separation is made by spaces. The column titles in the first row can be labeled freely, but the columns must not change their position. Some columns have a colored background: †¢ †¢ gray: these columns contain formulas, which are calculated automatically light blue: these columns can be edited manually, they can possibly be changed by the macro. It is recommended to use the last row for the end of the project. Thus new tasks, which are inserted above, are displayed in the chart automatically.About the macro The macro is named â€Å"update† and is written in OpenOffice. org BASIC. The way it works follows this sequence: ? ? Add duration and end-date, if they are missing For each row of the table 1. Where the task has not yet started (Progress ;= 0) Search for rows, whose number corresponds with the value in the column â€Å"Predecessor†. For those not familiar with project management terms, a predecessor is an activity that must be completed (or be partially completed) before a specified activity can begin. ( See http://www. apm. org. uk/page. asp? categoryID=4=29=0 for definitions. a) Determine latest possible end-date of these rows b) Set the successor start-date to this end-date ? ? Where the task is finished (Progress = 100%) 1. Determine duration from start-date and end-date Illustrate information of task ? The meaning of this list of steps is described later on in this document. The macro expects that the first row contains the headlines, the tasks start in row 2 and the columns are in the same place as in the example. Additional columns (for comments or some other purpose) must be located at the end. Note: The maximum number of predecessors is limited to 9. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 2 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Example: Planning a relocation This section describes the process of relocating from one city to another city and is based upon the template, pjm_template. ots. The first step is to create a list with all subtasks: Illustration 13: List of subtasks In preparing the set of tasks, getting mail forwarded was missed. So we inserted the activity â€Å"Forwarding request† in row 8 after the fact. Therefore this activity has the number 650. Inserting a row does not automatically copy any formulae, thus all the formulae must be copied to each cell in the new row manually.Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 13 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Next insert the start-date for the not-dependent tasks, as well as duration and expected enddate: Illustration 14: Insert start- and end-date House-hunting starts on 01/03 and should be finished by 31/08. For all the other tasks the duration is given. Now, define the dependencies of the tasks. The relocation (700) for example can not start before the new leasing contract is signed (400) and the relocation is organized (500). The tasks 300-9999 have no dependencies, thus there are no start-dates for these tasks.Illustration 15: Define dependencies Next insert the start-date for the not-dependent tasks, as well as duration and expected enddate: Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 14 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Illustration 16: Insert start- and end-date House-hunting starts on 01/03 and should be finished by 31/08. For all the other tasks the durati on is given. Now define the dependencies of the tasks. For example, relocation (700) can not start before the new leasing contract is signed (400) and relocation is organized (500). The tasks 300-9999 have no dependencies, thus there are no start-dates for these tasks.Illustration 17: Define dependencies As 20% of house-hunting are already done, and the current apartment is already canceled, the progress is 20% and 100% respectively. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 15 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Illustration 18: Calculated duration At this point call the macro by clicking on the button â€Å"Update†. The duration and end-dates are calculated, and the column start is completed. Illustration 19: The appropriate chart The organization of the relocation, the registration at the office and the opening of an account can be done simultaneously.On the other hand the bank account can not be moved immediately, because the current apartment is not yet relocated. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 16 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Controlling the Project During any project, start by implementing several subtasks. To begin a subtask, insert the start date in the column â€Å"Start†. Set the progress to a value greater than zero (1% e. g. ), so that â€Å"Update† will no longer change this date. If a task is completed, insert the real End-date, delete the duration and set the progress to 100%. When calling â€Å"Update† the next time, the required duration will be calculated.After each change in the table,invoke the macro †Update† to update the table accordingly. The â€Å"Info† column shows the current status of the project: Illustration 20: Table during project-controlling House-hunting has begun and is on schedule according to the progress The apartment has already been canceled, the task is completed. Cancelling the bank's order is due and not on schedule, this means, that the end -date is prior to the current date. All the other tasks are not due yet, they are not marked. Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 17 Extending Gantt charting for Project Management Project-Management with Gantt-Charts 8 Public Documentation License, Version 1. 0 Public Documentation License, Version 1. 0 1. 0 DEFINITIONS. 1. 1. â€Å"Commercial Use† means distribution or otherwise making the Documentation available to a third party. 1. 2. â€Å"Contributor† means a person or entity who creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications. 1. 3. â€Å"Documentation† means the Original Documentation or Modifications or the combination of the Original Documentation and Modifications, in each case including portions thereof. 1. 4. â€Å"Electronic Distribution Mechanism† means a mechanism generally accepted for the electronic transfer of data. 1. 5. 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The Battle at Issus

Alexander the Great fought the Battle at Issus soon after the Battle at the Granicus. Like his father Philip, the glory-seeking Alexander aimed to conquer the Persian Empire. Although greatly outnumbered, Alexander was a better tactician. The battle was bloody, Alexander suffered a thigh wound, and the Pinarus River was said to have run red with blood. Despite the injury and the steep cost in human lives, Alexander won the Battle at Issus. Alexanders Opponents After the recent Battle at the Granicus, Memnon was given command of all Persian forces in Asia Minor. Had the Persians followed his advice at Granicus, they might have won and stopped Alexander in time. In Upset at Issus (Military History Magazine), Harry J. Maihafer says Memnon was not only astute militarily, but doled out bribes. A Greek, Memnon almost persuaded Sparta to back him. As Greeks, the Spartans should have been expected to support Alexander, but not all Greeks preferred rule by Alexander to rule by the king of Persia. Macedonia was still Greeces conqueror. Because of mixed Greek sympathies, Alexander hesitated to continue his eastward expansion, but then he sliced the Gordian Knot and took the omen as urging him on.​ The Persian King Believing he was on the right track, Alexander pressed on his Persian campaign. A problem emerged, Alexander learned he had come to the attention of the Persian king. King Darius III was at Babylon, moving towards Alexander, from his capital at Susa, and gathering troops en route. Alexander, on the other hand, was losing them: he may have had as few as 30,000 men. Alexanders Illness Alexander became seriously ill at Tarsus, a city in Cilicia that would later become the capital of that Roman province. While recovering, Alexander sent Parmenio to capture the harbor town of Issus and watch for Darius approach into Cilicia with his perhaps 100,000 men. [Ancient sources say the Persian army had much more.] Faulty Intelligence When Alexander recovered sufficiently, he rode to Issus, deposited the sick and wounded, and traveled on. Meanwhile, Darius troops gathered in the plains east of the Amanus Mountains. Alexander led some of his troops to the Syrian Gates, where he expected Darius to pass, but his intelligence was flawed: Darius marched across another pass, to Issus. There the Persians mutilated and captured the debilitated people Alexander had left behind. Worse, Alexander was cut off from most of his troops. Darius crossed the mountain range by what are called the Amanic Gates, and advancing towards Issus, came without being noticed to the rear of Alexander. Having reached Issus, he captured as many of the Macedonians as had been left behind there on account of illness. These he cruelly mutilated and slew. Next day he proceeded to the river Pinarus.—Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns Battle Prep Alexander quickly led the men who had traveled with him back to the main body of the Macedonians and sent out scouting horsemen to learn exactly what Darius was up to. At the reunion, Alexander rallied his troops and prepared for battle the following morning. Alexander went to a mountaintop to offer sacrifices to the presiding gods, according to Curtius Rufus. Darius enormous army was on the other side of the Pinarus River, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to foothills in an area too narrow to give an advantage to his numbers: [A]nd that the deity was acting the part of general on their behalf better than himself, by putting it into the mind of Darius to move his forces from the spacious plain and shut them up in a narrow place, where there was suffficient room for themselves to deepen their phalanx by marching from front to rear, but where their vast multitude would be useless to the enemy in the battle.—Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns The Fighting Parmenio was in charge of the those of Alexanders troops deployed to the seaside of the battle line. He was enjoined not to let the Persians get around them, but to bend back, if necessary, and stick to the sea. First, upon the right wing near the mountain he placed his infantry guard and the shield-bearers, under the command of Nicanor, son of Parmenio; next to these the regiment of Coenus, and close to them that of Perdiccas. These troops were posted as far as the middle of the heavy-armed infantry to one beginning from the right. On the left wing first stood the regiment of Amyntas, then that of Ptolemy, and close to this that of Meleager. The infantry on the left had been placed under the command of Craterus; but Parmenio held the chief direction of the whole left wing. This general had been ordered not to abandon the sea, so that they might not be surrounded by the foreigners, who were likely to outflank them on all sides by their superior numbers.—Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns Alexander stretched his troops parallel to the Persian forces: Fortune was not kinder to Alexander in the choice of the ground, than he was careful to improve it to his advantage. For being much inferior in numbers, so far from allowing himself to be outflanked, he stretched his right wing much further out than the left wing of his enemies, and fighting there himself in the very foremost ranks, put the barbarians to flight.Plutarch, Life of Alexander Alexanders Companion Cavalry headed across the river where they faced the Greek mercenary forces, veterans and some of the best of the Persian army. The mercenaries saw an opening in Alexanders line and rushed in. Alexander moved to gain the Persians flank. This meant the mercenaries needed to fight in two places at once, which they couldnt do, and so the battle tide soon turned. When Alexander spotted the royal chariot, his men raced towards it. The Persian king fled, followed by others. The Macedonians tried but were unable to overtake the Persian king. The Aftermath At Issus, Alexanders men rewarded themselves richly with Persian loot. Darius women at Issus were frightened. At best they could expect to become the concubine of a high-status Greek. Alexander reassured them. He told them not only was Darius still alive, but they would be kept safe and honored. Alexander kept his word and has been honored for this treatment of the women in Darius family. Sources Upset at Issus, by Harry J. Maihafer. Military History Magazine Oct. 2000.Jona Lendering - Alexander the Great: Battle at the IssusAlexanders Sacrifice dis praesidibus loci before the Battle of Issus, by J. D. Bing. Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 111, (1991), pp. 161-165. The Generalship of Alexander, by A. R. Burn. Greece Rome (Oct. 1965), pp. 140-154.

Race, Class, And Gender Roles Essay - 1645 Words

One’s identity has the ability to play a central role in one’s schooling experience and in return, affect the way they perceive the world around them. Growing up in an Asian household located in a predominately Asian American neighborhood located in the San Gabriel Valley, I always identified myself strongly to my race and took pride in being a first generation Asian American child. Race has definitely affected my schooling experience in many different ways, both positively and negatively. In addition, there were a variety of other aspects such as stereotypical gender roles and socioeconomic class status which factored into the way I learned in the U.S. education system. In this paper, I will examine how race, class, and gender played a big role throughout my schooling experience. Growing up, I was constantly surrounded by people of the same ethnic race and culture. I was raised in the small city of Temple City where a lot of older generation Asian immigrants resided, w hich resulted in my schools being mostly dominated by the first generation Asian American population. Because of this similarity of race and culture with my peers, it was fairly easy for me to bond with other students as well as feel comfortable within the realms of my schools and neighborhood. I had little trouble learning and participating in classrooms and also was able to be very involved in leadership positions in extracurricular programs at my high school which was a good learning experience for me.Show MoreRelatedSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Physical And Mental Differences1216 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples, class, race, and gender. Social class is defines as â€Å"the grouping of individuals by economic position† (Larkin, Para. 9). Members of each social class share similar income, wealth, lifestyle, social norms, behaviors, and life opportunities. Sociology theorists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A. Kahl developed a six class stratification system by grouping individuals by education, income, and occupation. The six classes are capitalist or elites, upper middle class, lower middle class, workingRead MoreEffects Of Socialization1676 Words   |  7 Pagesagents are our families, schools, and peers (Rohall 167). We receive most of our socialization from these agents. We are socialized into our race, gender, and class throughout our lives. Different studies examine the different ways we are socialized into these groups and how this socialization at an early age affects the individuals’ lives as adults. Race is one way that we distinguish ourselves from other groups of people. Racial socialization is defined as â€Å"learning about one’s ethnic and racialRead MoreRace And Gender Play : A Woman At The Top Of Her Career Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagessuburban dream. 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One could argue that sex refers to biological essentialism and the idea that we are who we are because of our genetic material. On the other hand, gender is ass ociated with the social constructionist theory, which argues that the way we are is dependent on our race, class, and sexuality. Because each person is different in their race, class, and sexuality, their gender becomes sociallyRead MoreSocial Stratification1349 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferentiate people as superior or inferior. Societies are stratified in three ways which are,1) Social Class; 2) Racial and Ethnic stratification; and 3) Gender. 1) Social Class: According to Karl Marx, Class society is based around a primary line of division between two antagonistic classes, those who owns the means of production and those who do not own. Comer added to it in 1978 â€Å"Social Class implies having or not having the following: individual rights, privileges, power, rights over others, authorityRead MoreGender Socialization Is The Process Of Learning The Social1326 Words   |  6 PagesGender socialization is the process of learning the social prospects and behaviors connected with one s sex. According to gender socialization there are so many reasons why males and females act in different ways: they learn different social roles. For example, girls learn to do different household chores such as: how to cook, how to clean, how to do sweep, how to take care of family etc and boys learn to work outside, how to earn money, how to rule the world etc. The effect of family, school, mediaRead More The Media As A social Problem Essay1 731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media as a Social Problem nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mass media plays a large role in modern society. 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The Morality Behind Driving Essay Essay - 2032 Words

The Morality Behind Driving In the past several years, technology has become so ubiquitous that it can now be found in parts of our lives that we once believed it would, and could, never play a part in. While the growing presence of technology in our day to day lives suggests a high compatibility, in certain instances, our lives, specifically our ideologies and moral beliefs, seem to conflict with technology. The development of the autonomous car and the ethical and moral dilemmas that can arise from this technology’s use, perfectly exonerate the incompatibility between our current moral and ethical beliefs and technological innovations. While our present view of morality may conflict with certain aspects of this technology, all in all, this struggle is desirable as it forces our society and community to think as a collective, solving the problem now in order to work towards the betterment of the human race. In the past several years, companies like Google and Tesla have been working towards the self-driving, autonomous vehicle. Many project that in a mere four years, â€Å"most major automotive companies will have developed successful driverless technology† (Access Science Editors). The implementation of this technology clearly has many benefits but, we cannot mistakenly believe that improvement means perfection. Technology is a process and with each improvement, more and more people will be drawn in making this technology more ubiquitous. Each step gives rise to another, butShow MoreRelatedEssay on Immanuel Kant’s Non- consequentialist Ethical Theory 1369 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant the driving force behind our actions should be dictated by what is inherently good as sole consideration and not be based upon the effects of what such actions may produce such as the case in the consequentialist theory of cause. 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Management and the Business Environment Free Essays

string(59) " skill set of labors, Infrastructure, Knowledge base, etc\." Abstract Porter’s Diamond Model analysis reveals that all the important factors used in the assessment of a nations’ competitiveness in the global business, seem to indicate a positive score for India in both the embedded software as well as the robotics field. Industry friendly polices by government, continuously available pool of high quality IT professionals, world class IT research centers and flexible organizational culture have all contributed to this growth. Tax exceptions and infrastructural provisions made possible by the establishment of the Small Economic Zones across the country have greatly boosted industrial growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and the Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Porter Diamond analysis of the Indian software and embedded robotics sectors clearly suggests India’s high competitive stature in these industries. ABC Ltd should invest in India to capitalize on these advantages. Introduction International competition at the firm level has been extensively studied by economists and there are scores of literature. However, there is a distinct lack of economic theory pertaining to international competition at the country level. Since Adam Smiths theory of absolute advantage in the nineteenth century, there has been so much research into international trade theories. There followed the theory of comparative advantage by David Ricardo. Porter in 1990 proposed his new theory to explain the competitive advantage of nations in what is now familiarly known as the Porters National Diamond theory. Porter includes four national attributes that determine the competitive advantage of countries. These are ‘Factor Conditions’ , ‘Demand Conditions’, ‘Related and Supporting Industries’, ‘Firm strategy structure and rivalry’. (Smit, 2010) Porter’s model also includes two exogenous factors namely government policy and chance. Porter ’s competitiveness model though not widely accepted by economic theorists is much researched by management researchers. Porter’s Diamond model is used as a tool to analyze the existing home based advantages and how companies could exploit these factors at the global level. (Rugman Verbeke, 1993) Porter’s model could also be used to assess the scope and potential profitability in expansion of businesses overseas. This would aid in the investment plans of multinational corporations in the global business arena. Managerial researchers advice merging SWOT analysis along with Porter’s diamond analysis to analyze the competitiveness level. This paper applies Porter’s diamond model to assess the prospects of Indian Software industry in order to advice on the investment climate and the growth potential for American Robotics and embedded software company ABC Ltd. ABC Ltd. (The Company) ABC Ltd , is a company focusing on semi autonomous robotic devices useful in household applications such as vacuuming and cleaning services and providing embedded software solutions to a variety of clients in America. The company is looking to increase its market share by entering India attracted by its cheaper and high quality chip designing facilities as well as the rapidly growing embedded software market. The company not only plans to leverage the cost and production efficiencies that India offers but also to use the rapidly growing Indian middle class population as a target for its advanced and semi autonomous cleaning and vacuuming robots. With the current 50 million middle class Indian population slated to swell into more than 550 million people by 2025, entering the Indian market at this time would create a vast customer base for its home based robotic products. (ACMA, 2011) Particularly, since there is not much competition for its robotic products in the country, ABC Ltd wou ld gain the advantages of being the early entrant into the market. The thriving Indian economy would boost its business prospects enormously. Furthermore, the cost effective design solutions from India could help the company greatly reduce its product costs which would give comparative advantage for the products in America. With a proposed contract from the American government for its surveillance robots, the company might need to make its business process efficient and the Indian venture would fulfill that objective. Currently only looking to establish a design laboratory and a software company for its embedded software solutions, the company is also planning future expansion into a total assembly unit for its robotics division in Bangalore which is the IT hub of India. Since India is flourishing in software and since the country presents immense scope for the growth of robotics and embedded electronics, the company decided to analyze the business climate further. The management wanted to perform the Porter’s Diamond model analysis of India with respect to the software and electronics industry before actually venturing into the country. The following discussion is centered on a brief analysis of the competitive ability of Indian software and electronics industry in the global arena. Indian Software Industry Indian software industry is undoubtedly one of the successful industries that capitalized on the market opportunities that globalization offered. Some of the Indian Software giants such as Wipro, Infosys, and TCS have carved niche markets across the world securing multi million dollar contracts with a growing list of western clientele. Over the past decade or so the success story of the Indian software sector has attracted investments from major western software firms such as Microsoft, IBM , Cognizant technologies, Accenture etc. that have heavily invested in India as a source of their software design and development. The cost effective and high talent pool of Indian employee population has contributed to this remarkable success story of the software industry in India. Porter’s Diamond model framework describes the six attributes that contribute to the competitive advantage of a nation in any particular industry. These six attributes that were described above would be further explored in context of the Indian software industry. This would provide ABC ltd, an American software and robotics firm which is actively exploring the option of making a significant investment in India to develop an embedded software and robotics firm in the country. The following diagram illustrates the Porter’s Diamond model of assessing international competitiveness (Huang, 2011). Factor Conditions Factor conditions represent those factors that improve production in a country. These might include labor supply, resource or raw material supply, arable land, linguistic skill set of labors, Infrastructure, Knowledge base, etc. You read "Management and the Business Environment" in category "Essay examples" These factors are further classified into basic factors and advanced factors. According to Porter, the differences in nature and availability of these factor conditions that affect productivity give rise to competitive advantage to some nations over other. For instance the US being a huge country with vast arable lands is a big exporter of agricultural products across the world. On the other hand countries such as Japan which do not have such arable land depend mostly on exports of machinery and electronics goods. As a rising global economy Indian infrastructure is steadily improving over the last decade and it already has a very sophisticated digital and mobile communication infrastructure. Already 4G services are launched in the country. Furthermore, the highly qualified talent pool with computer degrees and research in computer applications gives it a distinct advantage in the advanced factors. The large pool of electronics and communication engineers in India is under utilized since there is a dearth of electronics industry in the country. However for ABC, Ltd this would mean the availability of electronics and telecommunication engineers for its new planned expansion of the robotics division. This, as porter says, gives India a distinct advantage in the advanced factors condition. (Porter, 1990) India currently ranks first in terms of the youngest population in the world with over 70% of the Indian population below thirty five years of age and more than 35% below 15. (Dyson, 2004) This as sures a steady stream of talented workforce. Demand Conditions Another important factor ascribed by porter in the evaluation of a nation’s competitiveness is its domestic demand. Investors are attracted to a country not just because of its position as a low cost production center but also because of the surge in local demand for the products. In India the electronics and robotics sector is growing at a steady pace currently but the growth is projected to be more than 10 times in the next 8 years. The statistics from a recent government report suggests the demand for electronic goods in India is slated to grow from $20 Billion in 2009 to $100 billion in 2020. (GOI, 2011) Therefore there is a large projected home demand for electronic goods in India. Similarly the market for IT products and services is slated to reach at least US$41.2bn by 2015. (MarketResearch, 2011) The demand for IT personnel is such that large companies retain significant bench strength so they can allot personnel to new projects as and when they start. Big firms such a s Microsoft also participate with many universities across India. The company’s I-Spark program is designed to boost entrepreneurship and innovation among students. (Microsoft, 2011) So both the software and the electronics sector are poised for high growth in the years ahead. Related and Supporting Industries The inclusion of the growth and the competitiveness of the supporting industries has a compounding effect on any industry. (Teece 1996) For the software sector, the semiconductor industry, computer hardware industry, the broadband infrastructure and computer academics are the related industries. These clusters impact the competition. (Porter, 1998) Though there is no chip development unit in India, Indian chip designers are far advanced than China and many big chip companies such as Intel, AMD and TI have moved most of their designing services to India making the country one of the largest chip designing facilities in the world. By 2013 the Indian chip designing services is slated to touch $10.2 billion. (Thomas, 2011) The broadband infrastructure in India is also rapidly developing making the country one of the best in the world in terms of internet connectivity. The recent rollout of very high speed 4G wireless internet services by Airtel, one of the leading broadband service provi ders of the country, is suggestive of the penetration of advanced communication services across the country. (Krishna, 2012) Furthermore the IT academic sector is also expanding fast in India with the premium research institutes such as the International institute of Information technology (IIIT) at Bangalore and several Indian institutes of technology (IIT) branches across the country offering advanced research and PhD programs in IT. At the school level too ICT is integrated into the curriculum. Therefore the combination of the growth factors of the related and supporting industries in India is adding to the competitive advantage of India as a nation in the global IT market. Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry This is another of Porter’s factors that could impact the competitiveness of a nation or an industry within the country. Firm structure, organization and culture maybe different in different countries and each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages. While many production companies follow the traditional hierarchical structure many other new and knowledge based firms have changed over to flat, team based and organic structures. (Amri et.al, 2010) Team based culture promotes employee participation and increased employee participation is viewed as the key to improve organizational productivity. (Perry et.al, 2006) In India most of software organizations have evolved into flat structures with young management. Indian software companies have an informal culture which is at the same time professionally managed. There is stress on optimizing productivity, improving efficiency and delivering products on time (Arora et.al, 2001). Chance events and Government Policies Chance events describe those events that are out of control and not natural to the environment of a country. Anything from rapidly fluctuation exchange rates, political instability, war, terror attacks, natural calamities such as earthquakes, tsunami, etc are chance events which affect the business competitiveness of an economy. Government policies have a significant impact on the other attributes of the Porter’s diamond model. For instance government policies can create a conducive environment for the growth of software exports or may deter the same. Particularly, tax policies, financial regulations including FDI permit and anti trust laws impact the competitiveness of a country. (Porter, 1990) Indian government polices facilitate software exports. The establishment of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s) in different states across the country is considered one of the important policy decisions by the Indian government that created a huge boost in the software exports se ctor in the country with the rapid entry of several multinational companies availing the industry friendly policies, incentives, and international level infrastructural facilities that were provide at these Special economic Zones. Some of these incentives include 100% exemption from income tax from the accrued profits for the first 5 years, total exemption of sales tax, services tax and a single window approval, SEZ companies permitted external borrowing of up to $500 million per year, etc. (GOI, 2009) The factors conditions, demand conditions, related industry support as well as the firm structure and strategy are all very attractive in India. The brief analysis of these factors along with the exogenous factors of chance and Government policies suggests that India scores well in the national competitive scale in the software industry. The analysis also indicated that the growth is projected to continue in the upward direction for many more years to come. With the recent Indian government stance of accepting even 100% FDI in many sectors the promise of economic growth in the country is immense. The demand for software products both internally as well as the export market are expected to increase tremendously. Previous studies including Porter’s diamond analysis have also attested to India being the choice destination for the software industry. (Kogut 1997) To sum it up we could say that India fairs well on all the factors of the Porters Diamond model of assessing national co mpetitiveness. Conclusion The software market in India is ripe and continues to grow at an alarming pace. The robotics and embedded electronics industry on the other hand, though in the early stages of development, is also expected to grow rapidly in the next few years. As the Porter’s Diamond Model analysis reveals, all the important factors that are used in the assessment of a nations’ competitiveness in the global business, seem to indicate a positive score for India in both the embedded software as well as the robotics field. Many reasons are attributed for this success of India. Industry friendly polices by government, continuously available pool of high quality IT professionals, world class IT research centers and flexible organizational culture have all contributed to this growth. Tax exceptions and infrastructural provisions made possible by the establishment of the SEZ’s across the country have greatly boosted industrial growth. Excellent telecommunication infrastructure and the availability of high speed 4G internet services will further propel the growth of the hardware and software industry in the country. ABC Ltd which is focusing on cost cutting and process optimization for its embedded robotics division would be greatly benefitted by launching its Indian operations as early as possible. Besides the cost effective service exports that are possible from the proposed Indian base, the company could also tap into the surging middle class market for its home appliance robots. In conclusion we can say that the Porter Diamond analysis of the Indian software and embedded robotics sectors clearly suggests India’s high competitive stature in these industries. ABC Ltd should invest in India to capitalize on these advantages. Reference ACMA (2011), Indian Auto Component Industry : An overview, viewed Apr 12th 2012, http://acmainfo.com/docmgr/status_of_auto_industry/status_indian_auto_industry.pdf A J Smith, (2010), The Competitive advantage of nations is Porter’s Diamond Framework a new theory that explains the international competition of countriesSouth African Business review, Vol 14, No 1. Alan M Rugman Alain Verbeke, (1993), How to Operationalize Porter’s diamond of international Competitiveness, International Executive, Vol 35 , issue: 4, Pages: 283-299 Ali Naghi Amiri, Majid Ramazan Abdollah Omrani, (2010), Studying the Impacts of Organizational Organic Structure on Knowledge productivity effective factors Case Study: Manufacturing units in a domestic large industrial group, European Journal of Scientific research, Vol.40 No.1, pp.91 -101 Ashish Arora, V.S. Arunachalam Jai Asundi et.al, (2001), The Globalization of Software: The case of Indian Software Industry, viewed Apr 12th 2012, GOI, (2011), National Policy on Electronics 2011, Viewed Apr 12th 2012, GOI, (2009) , Special Economic Zones in India , viewed Apr 12th 2012, Jai Krishna, (2012), Bharti launches 4G services in India, The Wall Street Journal, viewed Apr 12th 2012, James L Perry, Debra Mesch Laurie Pearlberg, (Aug 2006), Motivating employees in a new Governance Era : The performance paradigm revisited, Public Administration review, viewed Apr 12th 2012, Kogut, B. (1997), ‘Regional networks and markets’, In Monisha, D. (ed.), Proceedings of Academy of Management Symposium on Knowledge Capitalism: Competitiveness Reevaluated. Boston, MA Michael E. Porter, The competitive advantage of nations (N.Y.: PALGRAVE, 1990), 73-77. Michael E. Porter, 1997a. ‘New strategies for inner-city economic development’, Economic Development Quarterly, 11(1): 11–28. Michael E. Porter, 1998b. ‘Clusters and the new economics of competition’, Harvard Business Review, 76(6): 77–90. MarketSearch, (2001), Indian Information technology report Q3 2011, viewed April 12th Mohammad Naserbakht, Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh, Ali Mohaghar, Javad Naserbakht, (2008) , Merging the Porter’s Diamond model with SWOT method in order to analyze the Iranian technology parks competitiveness level, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering Technology. Pub by ieee, Iss C, Pg 276-283 Microsoft (2011), Sparks of Innovation Light up Anna University, viewed Apr 12th 2012, Rumelt, R.P., Schendel, D. Teece, D. (1996), Fundamental Issues in Strategy: a Research Agenda. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Tim Dyson, (2004), 35% of India’s Population is Under 15!, viewed Apr 12th 2012, http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/feb/04inter.htm Trisha Thomas, (2011), 1.6 Lack employed in Chip Industry in India, viewed Apr 12th 2012, Yen –Hsin Huang (2011), An exploratory study of the competitive strategy of Cultural and creative industries in Taiwan, European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 20, Number 3. How to cite Management and the Business Environment, Essay examples

Novelty Variety Journal Mechanical Design -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Novelty Variety Journal Mechanical Design? Answer: Introduction Design Thinking is the system that is used by all creators for taking care of unpredictable and confounded issues and along these lines finding sensible answers for their customers (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla and etinkaya, 2013). This specific procedure draws upon the precise thinking, creative energy, instinct and rationale for investigating the potential outcomes of likely results and making the coveted outcomes, which would be gainful for the end client. I have learnt that outline believing is critical and helpful for any mind boggling issues. From my ten week after week writes beginning from seventeenth July 2017 to 30th September 2017, I have shared my total information in regards to configuration considering (Bjgvinsson, Ehn and Hillgren, 2012). I have talked about a wide range of points identified with configuration thinking like outline it, something new about plan considering, attitude up, conceptualizing and perception exercises, travel mapping, a portion of the outline a pparatuses, dialog and criticism on story board, building personas and dispatch design. I have shared my own encounters with respect to these subjects. In the accompanying report I have delineated my ten week after week writes that I have composed from seventeenth July 2017 to 30th September 2017. Each of the web journals is portrayed with my own encounters and the learning I have picked up from those exercises (Razzouk and Shute, 2012). The websites are totally in light of configuration considering and the exercises that I have done are on configuration considering. This report is a reflection on the ten week by week writes I have composed. I have given the portrayal of my week by week writes in the accompanying sections. Discussion This was the first class we had on design thinking.This was the five star we had on configuration considering. In this class, we were furnished with a paper and every one of us composed a sentence or two about the course (Melles, Howard and Thompson-Whiteside, 2012). Every one of us worked in gatherings. Practically everybody in my gathering chose for outlining of house. In any case, I was inflexible that I might decide on publicizing. My concentration was publicizing a few associations. We passed our paper to different gatherings and everyone endorsed our concept of promoting associations (Kolko, 2015). The significant goal of this errand and the top notch was to check whether our thought was acknowledged and endorsed by different gatherings or not. From the work I got an outline of the key ideas, hypotheses, hones and the interrelationships. So on the entire of the week 1 module 1, I comprehended the need of Design considering, how these outlines are connected, development of confi guration considering and the dispersion hypotheses in each phase of the advancement. Conduction of need examination for planning, enhancements in social, administration, business and computerized settings alongside applying outline procedures for prototyping thoughts and consequently set the answer for advancement of my thoughts for improvement. Design Processes This was the continuation of the top of the line (Plattner, Meinel and Leifer, 2012). Already, I had the possibility that outline it implies about planning the notice, however after this specific address, I comprehended that outline it implies finishing exercises and activities and make something better from it. In this class, we framed gatherings. The fundamental errand of our gathering was to investigate the issue and remain recognized about the inclusion of the clients of the items and whether they are content with the administration or not (Mootee, 2013). We needed to assess everything with respect to the client contribution.The five phases for Design Thinking are: Empathize, Define (the issue), Ideate, Prototype, and Test. Configuration thinking incorporates "developing" thoughts, with few, or no restrictions on expansiveness amid a "conceptualizing" stage not at all like investigation considering. So from the second module I comprehended that, Empathize is the finding out about the groups of onlookers; Define is development of perspectives in view of the need of the clients, Ideate for thinking of innovative arrangements and conceptualize, Prototype that assembles portrayal of thoughts and Test in which one can look at the thoughts. Design Theory In our third class, which was on 25th July, I believed that the intelligent thinking is the most vital factor with no sort of outline. When I was playing out this specific action, I was not clear about the idea of mentality (Howlett, 2014). Be that as it may, soon my questions were clear and the inquiries were replied. I comprehended that a positive attitude up implies when I can adjust or change my perspectives or discernments about everyone others. The changes are critical for me as they would help me in building up my profession. Negative attitude up happens when I won't change or modify my perspectives or observations about others under any conditions (Kolko, 2015). An originator ends up plainly fruitful when he would have a positive attitude up and is prepared to acknowledge everyone's perspectives or discernments. Design Problem I have learnt that conceptualizing and perception exercises are critical for any individual (Vianna, 2012). On the fourth class, we finished different exercises peformed that would help us in concentrating chiefly on the components of conceptualizing and perception. The two exercises we did depended on virtualization and production of anything new (Plattner, Meinel and Leifer, 2012). The fundamental occupation was to check the day by day exercises and scan for the issue. Likewise, the movement we did at last was to scan for the issues and settle them by the strategy for configuration thinking by just watching photographs. I was not feeling certain at first about illustration and endeavoring every one of the circles. In the second action, we were amazingly intrigued as we chose one of the articles and we chose USB or Universal Serial Bus lastly thought of a few creative thoughts for enhancing the USB or Universal Serial Bus for instance having nail cutters, and offices for light like light that demonstrates the accessible space (Kolko, 2015). In the last action, we just recognized the issues and thought of pertinent arrangements. Amid the end, we thought of the understanding that the significant issue individuals were confronting was identified with stopping. Individuals need to travel conveying their gear. Thusly they ought to be given particular gear transporter (Mootee, 2013). I was ready to look through the issues as well as give the significant arrangements that would be useful for taking care of those issues (Howlett, 2014). I have additionally comprehended the idea of perception, conceptualizing and also distinguishing the particular issues from the exercises and give the applicable answers for the issues. Design Research Journey mapping is a method that is used by different associations for helping those organizations to look what the clients need from the organizations. On our fifth class, we were furnished with an assignment of our training and voyage mapping in our college, Central Queensland University (Melles, Howard and Thompson-Whiteside, 2012). For this action, we concocted a few thoughts after talk with our gathering. This mapping of trip began the minute we came in out college that is Central Queensland University for our examinations. We were sincerely shaken while taking the choice for our particular excursion mapping to Central Queensland University. We were upbeat and in the meantime we were tragic for the culmination of our voyage (Purdy, 2014). We ought to have been cheerful after our fulfillment of the course, however we felt that where it counts in our heart we were pitiful. This one of those exercises that don't have an unmistakable beginning or completing focuses. This is the real element of this specific action. Design Research A few exercises and errands were performed while this specific workshop (Birkeland, 2012). At first the movement was to meet other individuals and the second action was thoroughly considering of the crate. In this movement, one part need to make inquiries to someone else about the particular every day exercises for instance what they do in the wake of getting up and before dozing around evening time (Pourdehnad, Wexler and Wilson, 2012). Be that as it may, the second action was about the association between every one of the connections with five straight lines without lifting up the pen from the paper. When we were playing out our meeting, we have arranged an arrangement of inquiries. When we were setting up our inquiries, I was in question that what ought to be the arrangement for the survey for the meeting and whether the inquiries were right or not for the meeting (Plattner, Meinel and Leifer, 2014). In addition, I likewise imagined that whether the inquiries will influence the conduct of that individual or not. The following thing we did was meeting each other. We need to look for the issues from those meetings. It was vital for the acknowledgment the primary purpose behind the issue. The inquiry was the reason (Carlgren, 2013). We saw how to conceive brand new ideas from the second action. This lesson was to a great degree required or required for every one of us. Design Prototype Improvement of idea are greatly required or required for any group. Numerous thoughts are acquired when a colleague is working in a specific group. The principle advantage a group gets is that each colleague has the specialization in a particular range and this specialization gives assistance to the whole group (Lammi and Becker, 2013). There were two outlining apparatuses. They were the quick prototyping and idea improvement. The quickest method for the formation of an unmistakable item in an exceptionally timeframe is known as fast prototyping. The real goal was to make the item inside the evaluated spending plan (Melles, Howard and Thompson-Whiteside, 2012). Amid the advancement of idea we were given an assignment to making a pastry. We had fragmented our whole gathering and one of our colleagues was given the duty regarding writing down all the required elements for making that pastry. For a case, one of our gathering individuals needed to scribble down about the names of the nat ural products, vegetables and every other fixing. After this specific advance, we at last made our pastry by the utilization of the right formula (Birkeland, 2012). During the time spent fast prototyping, we were given a subject of how to check the dependability of a specific worker (Howlett, 2014). It was exceptionally troublesome for the production of such a model yet by one means or another we made a poll. Groups help in the change and the advancement of the item amid the procedure of quick prototyping lastly spare time and cash. Design the (Learning) Launch The model we have examined was around a use of hostile to spoiler and was to a great degree intriguing. This model was made by another gathering (Plattner, Meinel and Leifer, 2014). It obviously spoke to the issues, the general population, who were confronting the issues. The gatherings were totally certain about their intended interest groups. The input was required for this application (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla and etinkaya, 2013). At last, the discourse were done about the model and could procure input about what should be possible for enhancing it. This model not just aides in decrease of cost and sparing the time. Positive criticisms were completely required for this action. The lesson we got from this specific action was making a model lastly conveying it to the clients (Bjgvinsson, Ehn and Hillgren, 2012). We additionally figure out how to recognize our clients and the utilizing of planning instruments. Building Personas Personas are the fanciful characters that are considered figuring out will's identity utilizing the items. In our ninth class, we learnt about personas (Lammi and Becker, 2013). This class helped me in recognizing our intended interest groups, showcase and their practices and prerequisites. When we were talking about action, we thought of formation of the personas. The attention was on the necessities of the clients (Vianna, 2012). Personas even help in making places of any business in the best generally advertise. Production of personas is the most straightforward way out for any business. it thinks about the enhancement of culture of the client. This is finished by giving a nonexistent name to the client. In addition, other data like his/her age, sex, nation and numerous more are additionally given. It covers the whole social condition of that persona. At the end of the day, everything that is available for an individual, is given to the fanciful client, persona (Johansson?Skldberg , Woodilla and etinkaya, 2013). In this specific workshop, the lesson we got was to build and make personas and to look for the objective clients in any business. Launch Plan After the advancement of the arrangement we made for our distinguished issue was the most fundamental segment for propelling our arrangement. The assets that required for propelling any arrangement in a business are the workers, money and the accomplices (Bjgvinsson, Ehn and Hillgren, 2012). The errand isn't as straightforward as it is by all accounts. In this specific workshop, we have learnt how an item can be propelled in a market. The real designs we embraced for the starting of our items incorporate channel administration, benefit administration, deals and a few advertising techniques. These specific sorts of advertising procedures are to a great degree accommodating for the estimation of the financial plan for the starting of the item. The panning of the starting is performed just when the item has breezed through its test. This testing of the item additionally helps in the focusing of the clients (Viswanathan and Linsey, 2012). From our tenth class, we thought about the distin guishing proof of the clients and about the starting of our items. Design the Designers The main objective of this module was to complete the assessed presentations that have been dictated in assessment 2, to revise reflective thinking and writing, to understand assessment 3 and to workshop assessment 3/engage with the tutor about assessment 3. As per the designer Concrete and practical (realistic) events and activities are needed and as some design thinking example Proximity Design can do good design which is designed and delivered in some affordable cost. This is said to be an income-boosting product and service. There are numerous design thinking projects that has been made and delivered for the betterment of daily life and people. Design for the Future Workshop And in the last module Design as aesthetics in business and in ones life, wider applicability of Design Thinking, Design for Growth, Design Thinking in Established Organisations, Continuous Design, Re-Design an Industry and Growth and Strategy. Full-on Design Thinking is not useful for just any kind of problem, e.g. basic decisions or very well understood problems. But for the future aspect exploring unknown certain possibilities, creating some value/differentiation that can help in betterment of the future and does not exist yet, exploring the growth of opportunities of an unfamiliar context. Solving the complex problems, especially which has not been solved yet by the traditional method. Conclusion In this way, I can finish up from the above conclusion that plan believing is the method that is used by all planners for taking care of mind boggling and confused issues and in this way finding sensible answers for their customers. This specific procedure draws upon the efficient thinking, creative energy, instinct and rationale for investigating the potential outcomes of plausible results and making the coveted outcomes, which would be gainful for the end client. Also, from my ten web journals beginning from seventeenth July 2017 to 30th September 2017, I have shared my total learning in regards to configuration considering. I have learnt that outline believing is critical and helpful for any mind boggling issues. I have talked about a wide range of themes identified with configuration thinking like outline it, something new about outline considering, attitude up, conceptualizing and representation exercises, travel mapping, a portion of the plan apparatuses, discourse and input on story board, building personas and dispatch design. I have shared my own encounters with respect to these themes. I have talked about in the above report about the subtle elements of my ten week after week writes. I have likewise portrayed how configuration believing is identified with individual encounters. The above report is just the impression of my ten week by week writes. References Birkeland, J. (2012). Design blindness in sustainable development: from closed to open systems design thinking.Journal of Urban Design,17(2), 163-187. Bjgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., Hillgren, P. A. (2012). Design things and design thinking: Contemporary participatory design challenges.Design Issues,28(3), 101-116. Carlgren, L. (2013).Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Chalmers University of Technology. Howlett, M. (2014). From the oldto the newpolicy design: design thinking beyond markets and collaborative governance.Policy Sciences,47(3), 187-207. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Kolko, J. (2015). Design thinking comes of age.Harvard Business Review,93(9), 66-71. Lammi, M., Becker, K. (2013). Engineering design thinking. Melles, G., Howard, Z., Thompson-Whiteside, S. (2012). Teaching design thinking: Expanding horizons in design education.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,31, 162-166. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Noweski, C., Scheer, A., Bttner, N., von Thienen, J., Erdmann, J., Meinel, C. (2012). Towards a paradigm shift in education practice: Developing twenty-first century skills with design thinking. InDesign thinking research(pp. 71-94). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (2012).Design thinking research. Springer. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (Eds.). (2014).Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators. Springer. Pourdehnad, J., Wexler, E. R., Wilson, D. V. (2012). Systems design thinking: A conceptual framework for their integration. ? ,4(6). Purdy, J. P. (2014). What can design thinking offer writing studies?.College composition and communication,65(4), 612. Razzouk, R., Shute, V. (2012). What is design thinking and why is it important?.Review of Educational Research,82(3), 330-348. Vianna, M. (2012).Design Thinking: inovaoemnegcios. Design Thinking. Viswanathan, V. K., Linsey, J. S. (2012). Physical models and design thinking: A study of functionality, novelty and variety of ideas.Journal of Mechanical Design,134(9), 091004.

Internet Users Turn Addicts Essays (946 words) -

Internet Users turn Addicts Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Internet Users turn Addicts If you're an Internet user, you know who you are. They are among all of us in society, although many may choose to not acknowledge that they too, frequently use the Internet. As I sit here and look across the street, I see a man in front of his own computer; the screen glowing against the window behind him. He does not use his personal computer for work, he is a farmer. He has become what is known as an "Internet Junky". The addiction begins innocently. At the start, you are not even aware of the possibilities that may form from your excessive computer use. You begin to take an avid interest in e-mailing with your friends and family. Once the novelty of keeping in touch with your colleagues wears off, and researching starts to bore you, you may possibly expand your computer usage to chatting. Yes, chatting. It is something that is becoming more acceptable in our lives, but it is still looked down upon by many skeptics. Chatting through the Internet involves choosing an appropriate nickname for yourself (IE: Fisherman), and then finding a room where you feel compelled to spend time in. Once you've entered the room, other fellow chatters may say, "Hello...a/s/l (age/sex/location) please." And so begins the addiction. Once you become involved in meeting people online, it is difficult to break such a habit. You may even make a daily habit of it. People have been found to carry out exactly the same behavior, not only across the nation, but across the globe. In any one room, you may come across people from five different countries of the world. Granted, not everyone who stays online for hours on end, are enveloped in chatting, but it is more often then not, the cause for Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). (Goldberg, MD) The prevalence of Internet Addiction Disorder has been increasing in number, hence a support group, among many, The Internet Addiction Support Group (IASG) has been developed. IAD, a "maladaptive" pattern for Internet use, is leading to impairment and/or distress caused by three (or more) of the following, at any time in a period of one year: "A) A need for markedly increased amounts of time on Internet to achieve satisfaction, B) Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of time on Internet.", C) Reduction in Internet use which has been prolonged. (Goldberg, MD) Symptoms of Internet Addiction Disorder include: "A) Psychomotor agitation, B) anxiety, C) obsessive thinking about what is happening on Internet, D) fantasies or dreams about Internet, E) voluntary or involuntary typing movements of the fingers." These symptoms begin to cause conflict in "social, occupational, or another important area of functioning." People who become addicted, use the Internet to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms, which are similar to those brought on by the halt of drug use. The disorder is recognized by the "persistent desire" or "unsuccessful efforts" to minimize the Internet use. (Goldberg, MD) On June 14, 1998, ABC news reported that an "Internet crazed" Cincinnati woman was arrested for neglecting her three young children. The woman reportedly spent 12 hours straight online, while her hungry kids were locked away in a room so she could be online without interruption. (Associated Press) The Internet is rapidly becoming an addictive source to a lot of its users. Use of the Internet include: students, housewives, and business professionals. Some of these users spend a minimum of thirty-eight hours per week on the "net"; hence, losing touch with reality and reeking havoc on their studies, family lives, and even their careers. Based on level of addiction, there are three groups of Internet addicts: A) the "I'm-not-addicted-users", B) the "I-only-use-it-when-I-have-to-users", and C) the "Internet Junkies." (netaddiction.com) The "I'm not addicted users" are those who try to convince themselves that they are not addicted to the Internet. This group includes college students who don't go online during the day to prove to fellow classmates that they can do without getting online; only, to stay up all night in a chat room. College students are not the only people who fit in this category though. In general, these users are addicts but portray themselves otherwise in the presence of people. The "I only use it when I have to users", are those who make convenient excuses to go online. And finally, the "Internet Junkies" are unlike the addicts in the previous two groups, these users neither sneak online nor make excuses to get online. They put their lives on hold while